Recent Posts - DAFNE Online

Jan 10, 2015

HelenP 218 posts

Topic: General Discussion / Cyborg Times (new BG meter)

I had trouble with my pump at Singapore...the officious attendant, after I had told her I had an insulin pump and presented the accompanying kit and paperwork, wanted to put it through the scanner (not the walk through). She also wanted me to take the pump off so she could take it somewhere else for examination. I objected and she then wanted me to dismantle the pump to ensure there were no drugs in either the battery compartment or the cartridge compartment. I tried to explain the ramifications...and the time that it would take to do this etc. Finally a man, about 30 came and just waved me through! We were on transfer and if they had held me up much longer, me and about 20 others (complaining passengers because of the delay) would have missed our flight back to Australia.

I have done a fair bit of international travel and that is about all the trouble i have ever had...that and a reminder to not activate my Frio pouch until through the first check at the airport. More than 100mL of "liquid"!

Helen

Jan 10, 2015

Faulty Headl... 18 posts

Topic: General Discussion / Cyborg Times (new BG meter)

Just wondering about meters, pumps and so on. You know the way now you have to have your phone charged so you can show it working or they take it off you? is it the same for our diabetic devices?

Jan 9, 2015

John Marrable 11 posts

Topic: General Discussion / BI

Firstly, thank you all for responding, the insight is really useful. Following consecutive nights of hypos I have now reduced by BI from 24u to 18u. I am injecting 2u of QA prior to exercise and this has helped to offset what I guess is the natural release of glucose from the body (provoked by the weightlifting). As you guys say - trial and error is the best bet using the dafne principles for guidance.

Suec - many thanks for the recommendation. I have just bought the book on Amazon. Only Â£6!

Kind regards

John

Jan 9, 2015

suec 5 posts

Topic: General Discussion / BI

Hi John, individual experimentation and frequent testing is the key there is a very good book ''Your Diabetes Science Experiment'' by Ginger Vieira which gives advice on this and lots of useful background information on exercise and managing diet and insulin.

Jan 7, 2015

BeccyB 50 posts

Topic: General Discussion / BI

I knew there was a reason why I avoid strenuous exercise Laughing

Jan 6, 2015

Phil Maskell 194 posts

Topic: General Discussion / BI

I agree with Gary & Mark, I probably wouldn't split the Lantus, maybe lower it if you're dropping and give a little bit of QA for the exercise.

I am a keen cyclist and found this when I first started, I always assumed exercise just lowered BG, but I have found an early morning ride with no carbs or QA, if I push it really hard my BG will rocket for the first hour as hormones and liver kick in, any longer on the bike and the BG will lower, but not as much as you expect without a bit of QA, with exercise especially prolonged it is a fine line between some QA for the liver/muscle glycogen/glucose dump and too much, still not mastered this yet, if you do try a bit of QA as I suggested, have some sugar ready! Also if its prolonged exercise remember what Mark said that you may need to lower, even half your QA for the next few meals.

Hope this rambling makes sense and helps.

Jan 5, 2015

marke 681 posts

Topic: General Discussion / BI

word of caution, as ever, if you consider splitting your BI dose discuss this with your Diabetes team first. Generally people split BI dose when on Levimir rather than Lantus, since Lantus does tend to last longer. Its not impossible to split Lantus just a bit more unusual.
I agree that exercise may wel lbe increasing your BG. Also remember that exercise can cause your BG to drop for around 24 hours so
it may be a reason for the drop overnight rather than just BI being too high.
Sadly there is no 'correct' answer so experimentation is the only way to test how it works on you as an individual....

Jan 5, 2015

John Marrable 11 posts

Topic: Questions for HCPs / BI dose

Thanks Gary, that is very helpful.

I wondered whether the rise after weightlifting may be due to my liver releasing glucose as a response to the high intensity exercise and that due to there being no QA insulin present the glucose is not able to be converted into energy hence causing the rise. As such, my plan is to inject 1u of QA insulin immediately before exercise (even without any carbohydrate portions to see what impact this has). Any thoughts on this as a potential solution? Of course I will carry hypo treatment (just in case it swings the other way!)

John

Jan 5, 2015

John Marrable 11 posts

Topic: General Discussion / BI

Thanks Gary, that is very helpful.

I wondered whether the rise after weightlifting may be due to my liver releasing glucose as a response to the high intensity exercise and that due to there being no QA insulin present the glucose is not able to be converted into energy hence causing the rise. As such, my plan is to inject 1u of QA insulin immediately before exercise (even without any carbohydrate portions to see what impact this has). Any thoughts on this as a potential solution? Of course I will carry hypo treatment (just in case it swings the other way!)

John

Jan 5, 2015

Garry 328 posts

Topic: General Discussion / BI

Hi John. Happy New Year.
Perhaps your exercise is strenuous enough to increase your insulin resistance, contributing to the rise. We of course release Epinephrine, or adrenaline for 'Fight-or-Flight' and this makes us insulin resistant.
You may wish to consider splitting the BI between morning and night too.
Regards
Garry

Jan 5, 2015

Garry 328 posts

Topic: Questions for HCPs / BI dose

Hi John. I am not a HCP and am a Graduate like yourself.
Perhaps your exercise is strenuous enough to increase your insulin resistance, contributing to the rise. We of course release Epinephrine, or adrenaline for 'Fight-or-Flight' and this makes us insulin resistant.
You may wish to consider splitting the BI between morning and night too.
Regards
Garry

Jan 5, 2015

John Marrable 11 posts

Topic: Questions for HCPs / BI dose

Hi All (and happy new year!)

I have taken this week off work to experiment with my BI dose, exercise regime and then QA ratio's and would welcome any help/insight you could offer.

In terms of my current state I am taking 20u of BI (lantus) before bed. What I am noticing is that when I test in the morning my blood glucose level has dropped over 2-3 mmol/l. To me this suggests that the BI dose of 20u is too high.

However, the problem I have is that my blood glucose level rises between waking up (7am) and lunch time (12-1pm) even without any carbohydrate portions. Therefore my concern is that dropping the BI below 20u will cause my blood glucose levels to rise even higher before lunch. What I should mention (which may be a factor) is that I exercise 20-30 mins (weight lifting) each morning between 7-7:30am. I am not taking any carbohydrate portions or QA insulin between waking up and lunch (I am only exercising).

Any help would be greatly appreciated

Jan 5, 2015

John Marrable 11 posts

Topic: General Discussion / BI

Hi All (and happy new year!)

I have taken this week off work to experiment with my BI dose, exercise regime and then QA ratio's and would welcome any help/insight you could offer.

In terms of my current state I am taking 20u of BI (lantus) before bed. What I am noticing is that when I test in the morning my blood glucose level has dropped over 2-3 mmol/l. To me this suggests that the BI dose of 20u is too high.

However, the problem I have is that my blood glucose level rises between waking up (7am) and lunch time (12-1pm) even without any carbohydrate portions. Therefore my concern is that dropping the BI below 20u will cause my blood glucose levels to rise even higher before lunch. What I should mention (which may be a factor) is that I exercise 20-30 mins (weight lifting) each morning between 7-7:30am. I am not taking any carbohydrate portions or QA insulin between waking up and lunch (I am only exercising).

Any help would be greatly appreciated Smile

Jan 2, 2015

Rafa 99 posts

Topic: General Discussion / Happy New Year

Yes Happy New Year to all!

Jan 1, 2015

Simon 578 posts

Topic: General Discussion / Happy New Year

Hi Garry,

Thanks, a very Happy New Year to you and the rest of our DAFNE Online community.

All the best!

Dec 31, 2014

Garry 328 posts

Topic: General Discussion / Happy New Year

I wish us all a healthy New Year.
Best Wishes of the Season.

Regards
Garry Laughing

Dec 30, 2014

Simon 578 posts

Topic: General Discussion / Cyborg Times (new BG meter)

BeccyB said:
I don't suppose anyone has gone through airport security with a Libre yet??

I was having a general conversation about airports with someone and suddenly wondered what they would make of the sensor?!

If nobody else reports before August I shall find out myself :-)

I visited New York in November and coming through security in Manchester I had my libre sensor on, I didn't even beep as I went through the scanner. My sensor had run out by the time I was coming back the other wat so can't comment on US Airport security, but I was fine in the UK.

Dec 30, 2014

Phil Maskell 194 posts

Topic: General Discussion / Cyborg Times (new BG meter)

I expect with a GP letter airports should be fine, I'm not a pumper, but I assume they let pumps through Very Happy

Dec 30, 2014

BeccyB 50 posts

Topic: General Discussion / Cyborg Times (new BG meter)

I don't suppose anyone has gone through airport security with a Libre yet??

I was having a general conversation about airports with someone and suddenly wondered what they would make of the sensor?!

If nobody else reports before August I shall find out myself :-)

Dec 29, 2014

hld1904 5 posts

Topic: General Discussion / Cyborg Times (new BG meter)

Peter said:
Mark, I remain convinced that you are testing equipment which will be standard in a few years time. It's as big a change as the move from urine testing to blood glucose monitoring and as such it will take time for the cost to reduce, for the technology to improve and for the likes of the DVLA to "accept" the readings. On the latter point, when I get one (no if in this sentence) then I will not be testing with a monitor before driving and will be happy to argue the case with the DVLA. In my opinion its clear that knowledge of the rate and direction of change in BG gives far more useful information than a slightly more accurate single reading with no information about direction of change.

Anyway, please continue with the updates, even though they're making me jealous javascript:emoticon('')

In terms of questions, do Abbott give any advice on injecting in the same arm as the sensor is attached?

Hi Peter, at my DAFNE refresher we were told that it is now recommended to NOT inject in the arm. They are saying to use stomach, thighs and bum. Might be worth checking with your DAFNE rep.

Dec 29, 2014

gawleys 1 post

Topic: General Discussion / Help with Blood Sugars

I don't know if this will help. I think it is a very individual thing. I have had Type 1 now for nearly 21 years and have always had reasonable control with Hba1C readings in the right range. I never counted carbs in vegetables.

Following an illness this year I now have to take steroids. As we all know this plays havoc with BG control. I have just managed to regain some control but I now have to count my vegetables, root vegs, squashes, peas, even tomatoes.

I think we all have to act on our individual experiences. If you show a trend following certain foods then I think action should be taken.

Derek, I expect you have weighing scales, I would establish the carb content of your vegetables and would start by increasing insulin for half that amount, and then carry on increasing until desired BG is achieved. Good Luck

Dec 27, 2014

JayBee 587 posts

Topic: General Discussion / Help with Blood Sugars

What happens with your BGs when you have a less veg heavy breakfast for comparison?

I agree with stephen that the release is too slow to bother counting, though I think it may matter with a large amount. I'm not sure what the amount is exactly though, sorry. Sad

Most of the time I do not worry about veg, especially if having with other carbohydrates as well. I exercise eating with carbs for protein after reading Ginger Vieira's "Your Diabetes Science Experiment" . I will rarely eat meat foods on their own now because I don't know how much insulin I'll need to take (because it apparently converts into carbs), but if I stick to low amounts of veg, I don't worry.

Body's are complicated things and it's definitely within the realms of possibility that our body's will all have different needs. Hope y'all can find yours sooner rather than later.

Dec 27, 2014

JayBee 587 posts

Topic: General Discussion / BG Control

Welcome mins.

Have you done the DAFNE course?

How often do you go as high as 20BG after lunch? 20BG is very high at the 3 hour insulin working mark (you've not stated what insulins you take so I'm going to assume your QA is one that can work 2-5 hours).

If you are still very high despite a correction mid-QA working time, you may have to up your lunchtime ratio to 1.5QA:1CP and see what that does for a couple of days. However, another thing to factor in is your carbohydrate counting - how sure were you of your total? Was it guesswork?

How confident are you in your BI? Does it hold you steady?

Sorry about all the questions. Hope you're doing okay.

Dec 27, 2014

stephenbrowne 37 posts

Topic: General Discussion / Help with Blood Sugars

Hi derekh1967,
I may be wrong about this but my impression is that if the CHO count from the vegetables is reasonably low one can ignore it. I think that 85 g CHO may be a fairly hefty amount and it is possible that you may need to count the vegetables in your CHO if more than say 30G but perhaps at 30-50% of their true value. I.e 85g as if they were 30-40 G. I have had type 1 diabetes for 47 years and have been carbohydrate counting all that time but my experience has been that I do have to count some items which in theory one should be able to ignore but it depends on the amount. Thus if I have one or two vegetarian(soya) sausages I can disregard it but if I were to have 3 or 4 at one meal I may need to allow a little insulin bolus increment to cover it. I do realise that everyone is different and what works for me may not work for you. I think DAFNE rules are very helpful in general but may need a bit of tweaking for individual cases ( I do hope this is not regrded as heretical ! ).
Interesting to see what others think.
All the best
sb

Jan 10, 2015 HelenP 218 posts	Topic: General Discussion / Cyborg Times (new BG meter) I had trouble with my pump at Singapore...the officious attendant, after I had told her I had an insulin pump and presented the accompanying kit and paperwork, wanted to put it through the scanner (not the walk through). She also wanted me to take the pump off so she could take it somewhere else for examination. I objected and she then wanted me to dismantle the pump to ensure there were no drugs in either the battery compartment or the cartridge compartment. I tried to explain the ramifications...and the time that it would take to do this etc. Finally a man, about 30 came and just waved me through! We were on transfer and if they had held me up much longer, me and about 20 others (complaining passengers because of the delay) would have missed our flight back to Australia. I have done a fair bit of international travel and that is about all the trouble i have ever had...that and a reminder to not activate my Frio pouch until through the first check at the airport. More than 100mL of "liquid"! Helen

Jan 10, 2015 Faulty Headl... 18 posts	Topic: General Discussion / Cyborg Times (new BG meter) Just wondering about meters, pumps and so on. You know the way now you have to have your phone charged so you can show it working or they take it off you? is it the same for our diabetic devices?

Jan 9, 2015 John Marrable 11 posts	Topic: General Discussion / BI Firstly, thank you all for responding, the insight is really useful. Following consecutive nights of hypos I have now reduced by BI from 24u to 18u. I am injecting 2u of QA prior to exercise and this has helped to offset what I guess is the natural release of glucose from the body (provoked by the weightlifting). As you guys say - trial and error is the best bet using the dafne principles for guidance. Suec - many thanks for the recommendation. I have just bought the book on Amazon. Only Â£6! Kind regards John

Jan 9, 2015 suec 5 posts	Topic: General Discussion / BI Hi John, individual experimentation and frequent testing is the key there is a very good book ''Your Diabetes Science Experiment'' by Ginger Vieira which gives advice on this and lots of useful background information on exercise and managing diet and insulin.

Jan 7, 2015 BeccyB 50 posts	Topic: General Discussion / BI I knew there was a reason why I avoid strenuous exercise

Jan 6, 2015 Phil Maskell 194 posts	Topic: General Discussion / BI I agree with Gary & Mark, I probably wouldn't split the Lantus, maybe lower it if you're dropping and give a little bit of QA for the exercise. I am a keen cyclist and found this when I first started, I always assumed exercise just lowered BG, but I have found an early morning ride with no carbs or QA, if I push it really hard my BG will rocket for the first hour as hormones and liver kick in, any longer on the bike and the BG will lower, but not as much as you expect without a bit of QA, with exercise especially prolonged it is a fine line between some QA for the liver/muscle glycogen/glucose dump and too much, still not mastered this yet, if you do try a bit of QA as I suggested, have some sugar ready! Also if its prolonged exercise remember what Mark said that you may need to lower, even half your QA for the next few meals. Hope this rambling makes sense and helps.

Jan 5, 2015 marke 681 posts	Topic: General Discussion / BI word of caution, as ever, if you consider splitting your BI dose discuss this with your Diabetes team first. Generally people split BI dose when on Levimir rather than Lantus, since Lantus does tend to last longer. Its not impossible to split Lantus just a bit more unusual. I agree that exercise may wel lbe increasing your BG. Also remember that exercise can cause your BG to drop for around 24 hours so it may be a reason for the drop overnight rather than just BI being too high. Sadly there is no 'correct' answer so experimentation is the only way to test how it works on you as an individual....

Jan 5, 2015 John Marrable 11 posts	Topic: Questions for HCPs / BI dose Thanks Gary, that is very helpful. I wondered whether the rise after weightlifting may be due to my liver releasing glucose as a response to the high intensity exercise and that due to there being no QA insulin present the glucose is not able to be converted into energy hence causing the rise. As such, my plan is to inject 1u of QA insulin immediately before exercise (even without any carbohydrate portions to see what impact this has). Any thoughts on this as a potential solution? Of course I will carry hypo treatment (just in case it swings the other way!) John

Jan 5, 2015 John Marrable 11 posts	Topic: General Discussion / BI Thanks Gary, that is very helpful. I wondered whether the rise after weightlifting may be due to my liver releasing glucose as a response to the high intensity exercise and that due to there being no QA insulin present the glucose is not able to be converted into energy hence causing the rise. As such, my plan is to inject 1u of QA insulin immediately before exercise (even without any carbohydrate portions to see what impact this has). Any thoughts on this as a potential solution? Of course I will carry hypo treatment (just in case it swings the other way!) John

Jan 5, 2015 Garry 328 posts	Topic: General Discussion / BI Hi John. Happy New Year. Perhaps your exercise is strenuous enough to increase your insulin resistance, contributing to the rise. We of course release Epinephrine, or adrenaline for 'Fight-or-Flight' and this makes us insulin resistant. You may wish to consider splitting the BI between morning and night too. Regards Garry

Jan 5, 2015 Garry 328 posts	Topic: Questions for HCPs / BI dose Hi John. I am not a HCP and am a Graduate like yourself. Perhaps your exercise is strenuous enough to increase your insulin resistance, contributing to the rise. We of course release Epinephrine, or adrenaline for 'Fight-or-Flight' and this makes us insulin resistant. You may wish to consider splitting the BI between morning and night too. Regards Garry

Jan 5, 2015 John Marrable 11 posts	Topic: Questions for HCPs / BI dose Hi All (and happy new year!) I have taken this week off work to experiment with my BI dose, exercise regime and then QA ratio's and would welcome any help/insight you could offer. In terms of my current state I am taking 20u of BI (lantus) before bed. What I am noticing is that when I test in the morning my blood glucose level has dropped over 2-3 mmol/l. To me this suggests that the BI dose of 20u is too high. However, the problem I have is that my blood glucose level rises between waking up (7am) and lunch time (12-1pm) even without any carbohydrate portions. Therefore my concern is that dropping the BI below 20u will cause my blood glucose levels to rise even higher before lunch. What I should mention (which may be a factor) is that I exercise 20-30 mins (weight lifting) each morning between 7-7:30am. I am not taking any carbohydrate portions or QA insulin between waking up and lunch (I am only exercising). Any help would be greatly appreciated

Jan 5, 2015 John Marrable 11 posts	Topic: General Discussion / BI Hi All (and happy new year!) I have taken this week off work to experiment with my BI dose, exercise regime and then QA ratio's and would welcome any help/insight you could offer. In terms of my current state I am taking 20u of BI (lantus) before bed. What I am noticing is that when I test in the morning my blood glucose level has dropped over 2-3 mmol/l. To me this suggests that the BI dose of 20u is too high. However, the problem I have is that my blood glucose level rises between waking up (7am) and lunch time (12-1pm) even without any carbohydrate portions. Therefore my concern is that dropping the BI below 20u will cause my blood glucose levels to rise even higher before lunch. What I should mention (which may be a factor) is that I exercise 20-30 mins (weight lifting) each morning between 7-7:30am. I am not taking any carbohydrate portions or QA insulin between waking up and lunch (I am only exercising). Any help would be greatly appreciated

Jan 2, 2015 Rafa 99 posts	Topic: General Discussion / Happy New Year Yes Happy New Year to all!

Jan 1, 2015 Simon 578 posts	Topic: General Discussion / Happy New Year Hi Garry, Thanks, a very Happy New Year to you and the rest of our DAFNE Online community. All the best!

Dec 31, 2014 Garry 328 posts	Topic: General Discussion / Happy New Year I wish us all a healthy New Year. Best Wishes of the Season. Regards Garry

Dec 30, 2014 Simon 578 posts	Topic: General Discussion / Cyborg Times (new BG meter) BeccyB said: I don't suppose anyone has gone through airport security with a Libre yet?? I was having a general conversation about airports with someone and suddenly wondered what they would make of the sensor?! If nobody else reports before August I shall find out myself :-) I visited New York in November and coming through security in Manchester I had my libre sensor on, I didn't even beep as I went through the scanner. My sensor had run out by the time I was coming back the other wat so can't comment on US Airport security, but I was fine in the UK.

Dec 30, 2014 Phil Maskell 194 posts	Topic: General Discussion / Cyborg Times (new BG meter) I expect with a GP letter airports should be fine, I'm not a pumper, but I assume they let pumps through

Dec 30, 2014 BeccyB 50 posts	Topic: General Discussion / Cyborg Times (new BG meter) I don't suppose anyone has gone through airport security with a Libre yet?? I was having a general conversation about airports with someone and suddenly wondered what they would make of the sensor?! If nobody else reports before August I shall find out myself :-)

Dec 29, 2014 hld1904 5 posts	Topic: General Discussion / Cyborg Times (new BG meter) Peter said: Mark, I remain convinced that you are testing equipment which will be standard in a few years time. It's as big a change as the move from urine testing to blood glucose monitoring and as such it will take time for the cost to reduce, for the technology to improve and for the likes of the DVLA to "accept" the readings. On the latter point, when I get one (no if in this sentence) then I will not be testing with a monitor before driving and will be happy to argue the case with the DVLA. In my opinion its clear that knowledge of the rate and direction of change in BG gives far more useful information than a slightly more accurate single reading with no information about direction of change. Anyway, please continue with the updates, even though they're making me jealous javascript:emoticon('') In terms of questions, do Abbott give any advice on injecting in the same arm as the sensor is attached? Hi Peter, at my DAFNE refresher we were told that it is now recommended to NOT inject in the arm. They are saying to use stomach, thighs and bum. Might be worth checking with your DAFNE rep.

Dec 29, 2014 gawleys 1 post	Topic: General Discussion / Help with Blood Sugars I don't know if this will help. I think it is a very individual thing. I have had Type 1 now for nearly 21 years and have always had reasonable control with Hba1C readings in the right range. I never counted carbs in vegetables. Following an illness this year I now have to take steroids. As we all know this plays havoc with BG control. I have just managed to regain some control but I now have to count my vegetables, root vegs, squashes, peas, even tomatoes. I think we all have to act on our individual experiences. If you show a trend following certain foods then I think action should be taken. Derek, I expect you have weighing scales, I would establish the carb content of your vegetables and would start by increasing insulin for half that amount, and then carry on increasing until desired BG is achieved. Good Luck

Dec 27, 2014 JayBee 587 posts	Topic: General Discussion / Help with Blood Sugars What happens with your BGs when you have a less veg heavy breakfast for comparison? I agree with stephen that the release is too slow to bother counting, though I think it may matter with a large amount. I'm not sure what the amount is exactly though, sorry. Most of the time I do not worry about veg, especially if having with other carbohydrates as well. I exercise eating with carbs for protein after reading Ginger Vieira's "Your Diabetes Science Experiment" . I will rarely eat meat foods on their own now because I don't know how much insulin I'll need to take (because it apparently converts into carbs), but if I stick to low amounts of veg, I don't worry. Body's are complicated things and it's definitely within the realms of possibility that our body's will all have different needs. Hope y'all can find yours sooner rather than later.

Dec 27, 2014 JayBee 587 posts	Topic: General Discussion / BG Control Welcome mins. Have you done the DAFNE course? How often do you go as high as 20BG after lunch? 20BG is very high at the 3 hour insulin working mark (you've not stated what insulins you take so I'm going to assume your QA is one that can work 2-5 hours). If you are still very high despite a correction mid-QA working time, you may have to up your lunchtime ratio to 1.5QA:1CP and see what that does for a couple of days. However, another thing to factor in is your carbohydrate counting - how sure were you of your total? Was it guesswork? How confident are you in your BI? Does it hold you steady? Sorry about all the questions. Hope you're doing okay.

Dec 27, 2014 stephenbrowne 37 posts	Topic: General Discussion / Help with Blood Sugars Hi derekh1967, I may be wrong about this but my impression is that if the CHO count from the vegetables is reasonably low one can ignore it. I think that 85 g CHO may be a fairly hefty amount and it is possible that you may need to count the vegetables in your CHO if more than say 30G but perhaps at 30-50% of their true value. I.e 85g as if they were 30-40 G. I have had type 1 diabetes for 47 years and have been carbohydrate counting all that time but my experience has been that I do have to count some items which in theory one should be able to ignore but it depends on the amount. Thus if I have one or two vegetarian(soya) sausages I can disregard it but if I were to have 3 or 4 at one meal I may need to allow a little insulin bolus increment to cover it. I do realise that everyone is different and what works for me may not work for you. I think DAFNE rules are very helpful in general but may need a bit of tweaking for individual cases ( I do hope this is not regrded as heretical ! ). Interesting to see what others think. All the best sb